Antimicrobial Activity of the Quinoline Derivative HT61 against Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms.

Staphylococcus aureus biofilms are a significant problem in health care settings, partly due to the presence of a nondividing, antibiotic-tolerant subpopulation. Here we evaluated treatment of S. aureus UAMS-1 biofilms with HT61, a quinoline derivative shown to be effective against nondividing Staphylococcus spp. HT61 was effective at reducing biofilm viability and was associated with increased expression of cell wall stress and division proteins, confirming its potential as a treatment for S. aureus biofilm infections

Karakterisasi Staphylococcus Aureus Isolat Susu Sapi Perah Berdasar Keberadaan Protein-A Pada Media Serum Soft Agar Terhadap Aktivitas Fagositosis Secara in Vitro

Staphylococcus aureus merupakan salah satu bakteri penyebab utama mastitis. Protein-A berperan penting dalam adesi dan kolonisasi bakteri pada sel inang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan aktivitas fagositosis S. aureus berdasarkan keberadaan protein-A pada media serum soft agar. Sebanyak 19 isolat S. aureus susu sapi perah asal Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah digunakan pada penelitian ini. Seluruh isolat tersebut direidentifikasi dengan dipupuk pada media plat agar darah (PAD), koloni bakteri kemudian diidentifikasi dengan pewarnaan Gram, uji mannitol salt agar (MSA), katalase dan uji koagulase. Karakterisasi S.aureusdilakukan dengan menanam bakteri pada media serum soft agar (SSA) yang mengandung serum kelinci untuk mengetahui keberadaan protein-A, kemudian dilakukan uji fagositosis dengan menggunakan sel polimorfonuklear. Dari 19 isolat tersebut seluruhnya teridentifikasi sebagai S. aureus yang ditunjukkan dengan Gram positif, sel berbentuk kokus bergerombol, mampu memfermentasi manitol pada media MSA, positif pada uji katalase, 15,79% sampel menunjukkan hasil koagulase negatif, sedangkan 84,21% menunjukkan hasil koagulase positif. Pertumbuhan pada media SSA menunjukkan hasil 12 isolat (63,16%) koloni berbentukkompak dan 7 isolat (36,84%) koloni berbentuk difus. Koloni kompak menunjukkan bakteri tersebut memiliki protein-A, koloni difus menunjukkan bakteri tersebut tidak memiliki protein-A atau memiliki protein-A tetapi tertutup oleh kapsul. Hasil uji fagositosis menunjukkan S. aureus yang memiliki protein-A lebih sedikit difagosit oleh leukosit polimorfonuklear (2,99 bakteri/sel) dari pada S. aureus yang tidak memiliki protein-A, atau mempunyai protein-A tetapi tertutup oleh kapsul (3,85 bakteri/sel). Staphylococcus aureus yang memiliki protein-A lebih patogen daripada S. aureus yang tidak memiliki protein-A. Isolat S. aureus asal Jawa Tengah lebih virulen dibandingkan isolat S. aureus asal Jawa Barat ditinjau dari sifat hemolisis, koagulase, dan protein-A

PERBANDINGAN PROFIL PASIEN YANG TERPAPAR BAKTERI Staphylococcus epidermidis DAN Staphylococcus aureus PADA SPESIMEN DARAH DI RSUD DR. MOEWARDI

Gani Dwi Cahya, G0012082, 2015. Perbandingan Profil Pasien yang Terpapar Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Staphylococcus aureus pada Spesimen Darah di RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Skripsi. Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta. Latar Belakang: Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Staphylococcus aureus merupakan dua bakteri yang sering ditemukan pada spesimen darah. Berbeda dengan Staphylococcus aureus, yang benar merupakan bakteri patogen, Staphylococcus epidermidis dikenal sebagai bakteri oportunistik yang sebenarnya adalah flora normal pada kulit manusia. Oleh karena meningkatnya angka kejadian ditemukannya bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis pada spesiemen darah, maka diperlukan data pembanding yang dapat membantu menentukan apakah bakteri tersebut sebagai penyebab infeksi atau hanya kolonisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan profil klinis pasien terpapar bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Staphylococcus epidermidis pada spesimen darah. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan pendekatan epidemiologi klinik. Objek penelitian adalah rekam medis pasien yang telah dilakukan kultur dari spesimen darah dengan hasil positif bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis dan Staphylococcus aureus pada tahun 2014-Juli 2015. Pada November 2015 diambil sampel sebanyak 65 sampel. Data dianalisis dengan uji analisis odds ratio. Hasil Penelitian: Dalam kurun waktu antara tahun 2014 – Juli 2015 didapatkan 36 subjek pasien terpapar Staphylococcus epidermidis (21 laki-laki, 15 perempuan) dan 29 subjek pasien terpapar Staphylococcus aureus (11 laki-laki, 18 perempuan). Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis menunjukkan katerogi usia terbanyak pada neonatus dan bayi, sedangkan pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus nenunjukkan kategori usia terbanyak pada dewasa dan lansia. Hasil pemeriksaan hitung jumlah leukosit dan presentase neutrofil pasien yang terpapar Staphylococcus aureus pada spesimen darah menunjukkan rerata lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Tanda vital pasien yang terpapar Staphylococcus aureus menunjukkan rerata suhu yang lebih tinggi dibanding Staphylococcus epidermidis. Simpulan Penelitian: Terdapat perbedaan profil pasien yang terpapar Staphylococcus aureus dan Staphylococcus epidermidis pada spesimen darah di RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Kata Kunci: Spesimen Darah, Hasil Kultur Darah, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidi

Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus From The Diabetic Ulcer

Infections of diabetic ulcers may occur because patients with diabetes mellitus have a weak immune system and the presence of high blood sugar into a strategic place for bacterial growth one of them is Staphylococcus aureus. Increased resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to various antibiotics, causing problems for the treatment of this infection. As by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) This study aims to assess the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at diabetic ulcer patient at Banjarmasin city hospital. This research uses descriptive observational research type. The study sample was patients with grade 2 and three diabetic ulcers with a total of 30 samples. The result of the research found 14 Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis nine, Staphylococcus saprophyticus two and 5 Gram-negative bacteria. Of the 14 samples of Staphylococcus aureus, there were eight samples of cefoxitin-resistant samples. The conclusion was 47% of Staphylococcus aureus in patients with a diabetic ulcer at Banjarmasin City Hospital. There was a 57% Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the isolated Staphylococcus aureus found. Need further research on the resistance of antibiotics oxacillin and cefoxitin to other Staphylococcus sp bacteria derived from patient diabetic ulcers

tmRNA - a novel high-copy-number RNA diagnostic target - its application for Staphylococcus aureus detection using real-time NASBA

A real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay, targeting tmRNA, was designed for the rapid identification of Staphylococcus aureus. The selectivity of the assay was confirmed against a panel of 76 Staphylococcus strains and species and 22 other bacterial species. A detection limit of 1 cell equivalent was determined for the assay. A chimeric in vitro transcribed internal amplification control was developed and included in the assay. Application of the assay in natural and artificially contaminated unpasteurized (raw) milk enabled detection of 1-10 CFUS. aureus mL(-1) in 3-4 h, without the need for culture enrichment. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in all artificially contaminated milk samples (n=20) and none of the natural milk samples (n=20). Microbiological analysis of the natural milk samples was performed in parallel according to ISO 6888-3 and confirmed the absence of S. aureus. The method developed in this study has the potential to enable the specific detection of S. aureus in raw milk in a significantly shorter time frame than current standard methods. The assay further demonstrates the usefulness of tmRNA/ssrA as a nucleic acid diagnostic target

HUBUNGAN HIGIENE DAN SANITASI PEMERAHAN TERHADAP KEBERADAAN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS PADA SUSU SAPI PERAH PENDERITA MASTITIS SUBKLINIS (STUDI DI PETERNAKAN SAPI PERAH DESA SRUNI KECAMATAN MUSUK KABUPATEN BOYOLALI)

Mastitis berjangkit pada sapi melalui kuman yang masuk dalam ambing, berkembangbiak dan memproduksi toksin dalam jaringan ambing. Sebagian besar mastitis subklinis disebabkan oleh bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. keberadaan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus pada ambing dan susu sapi disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor seperti kebersihan sapi, higiene pemerah, sanitasi peralatan dan sanitasi kandang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan higiene dan sanitasi pemerahan terhadap keberadaan Staphylococcus aureus pada susu sapi perah penderita mastitis subklinis. jenis penelitian ini adalah explanatory research dengan metode cross sectional. penelitian dilakukan di Desa Sruni Kecamatan Musuk Kabupaten Boyolali dengan jumlah populasi 80 responden dan jumlah sampel 62 responden. Analisis data dengan uji chi square. hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 87,2% kebersihan sapi tidak baik, 89,4% higiene pemerah tidak baik, 93,6% sanitasi peralatan pemerah tidak baik dan 48,9% sanitasi kandang tidak baik. jumlah bakteri Staphylococcus aureus yang tidak memenuhi syarat 93,6%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan ada hubungan kebersihan sapi dengan jumlah bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, ada hubungan higiene pemerah dengan jumlah bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, ada hubungan sanitasi peralatan dengan jumlah bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, tidak ada hubungan sanitasi kandang dengan jumlah bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Kata Kunci: Higiene, Sanitasi, Pemerahan, Staphylococcus aureus, Mastitis Subklini

Karakterisasi Faktor-faktor Virulensi Staphylococcus Aureus Asal Susu Kambing Peranakan Ettawa Secara Fenotip Dan Genotip

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of mastitis in large or small ruminants, and often manifested by subclinical mastitis in Peranakan Ettawa (PE) goats. Staphylococcus aureus in human can cause food borne disease. The research aimed to characterize the virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk PE goats, phenotypic- and genotypically. Phenotypically characterization were determined through the pigmen assay as well as hydrophobicity, haemolysin, and hemaglutinin reaction. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis was used to detect 4 virulen genes including coa, clf, fnbA, and fnbB genes. The results of research showed that Staphylococcus aureus abled to produce white pigmen (35,7%), yellow pigmen g (57,1%), andorange pigmen (7,2%). Staphylococcus aureus showed α-hemolysis zone (35,7%), β-hemolysis (35,7%), dan γ-hemolysis (28,9%). Hydrophobicytic test revealed 14,3% Staphylococcus aureus isolates were hydrophobe and85,7% hydrophil. Staphylococcus aureus (85,7%) isolates abled to aglutinated sheep blood cells. Based on genotypic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus could be detected coa gene (92,8%), clf gene (64,3%), fnbA gene (78,6%), and fnbB gene (64,3%). Based on the phenotypic and genotypic characters, it can be concluded that Staphylococcus aureus are virulent strains. This information can be used as the basis for control mastitis in PE goat

Accessory gene regulator types of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in Gorgan, North of Iran

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive bacterium that has remained a persistent pathogen, causing infections such as endocarditis, meningitis, and toxic shock syndrome in humans. The accessory gene regulator (agr) system of Staphylococcus aureus is responsible for controlling the expression of many genes that code for virulence factors. In this study, we assessed the S.aureus agr Group, based on their source of isolation, in Gorgan, North of Iran. Materials and Methods: DNA of 194 S. aureus isolates was extracted by lysozyme-phenol chloroform method, which included 85 clinical samples, 58 samples which were isolated from noses of health care workers and 51 cases which were obtained from food products in Gorgan, northern Iran. PCR-based assays were used to evaluate agr locus nucleotide polymorphism for the identification of agr specificity Group. Distributions of each agr Group were determined and comparison between different sources was assessed by X2. A p-value of <0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The majority of isolates belonged to agr Group I (43.3%), followed by agr Group III (28.87%), agr Group II (22.68%), and agr Group IV (5.15%). In our study, a majority of S. aureus isolates were recovered from health care workers and food product specimens were of agr Group I and isolates which were recovered from patients were of agr Group III. These differences were statistically significant (P=0.005). There was no statistical difference between the source of isolation of clinical samples of S.aureus and agr type. Conclusion: Agr Group I was predominant among health care workers and food product specimens in Gorgan, North of Iran, but in strains which were isolated from patients, agr Group III was predominant. Investigating the possible role of agr Group III in Staphylococcus aureus infection in future studies is recommended

Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus infections to consider in designing an effective vaccine.

_Staphylococcus aureus_ is a very versatile and adaptable microorganism. It can potentially infect virtually any host tissue. Given the appropriate conditions it can become a life-threatening pathogen, or a commensal colonizer of the nose. Extensive antibiotic use for infection control facilitated the rise of antibiotic resistance, stressing the need for alternate forms of control. Vaccine efforts in other pathogens have proved successful, but so far _S. aureus_ candidate vaccines have not been as effective. Here we review _S. aureus_ factors involved in pathogenesis that could help develop a successful vaccine, like host nasal colonization and immune evasion factors. An effective multicomponent vaccine could incorporate antigenic fragments from several _S. aureus_ proteins, preferably involved in colonization, immune evasion and/or toxicity